Paediatrics and Child Health RSS feed: Current Issue. Paediatrics and Child Health is the continuously updated review of paediatrics and child health (formerly Current Paediatrics ) Paediatrics and Child Health is an authoritative and comprehensive resource that provides all paediatricians and child health care specialists with up-to-date reviews on all aspects of hospital/community paediatrics and neonatology, including investigations and technical procedures in a 4-year cycle of 48 issues. The emphasis of the journal is on the clear, concise presentation of information of direct clinical relevance to both hospital and community-based paediatricians. Contributors are chosen for their recognized knowledge of the subject. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Current Awareness in Biological Sciences. The layout of the journal, including the design and colour, enables fast assimilation of key information. For ease of reference, Paediatrics and Child Health is available in print and online formats. Formerly Current Paediatrics http://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Paediatrics and Child Health1751-7222208August 2010 © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1751722210001447/abstract?rss=yesEditorial Board10.1016/S1751-7222(10)00144-7Paediatrics and Child Health 20, 8 (2010)2010-08-01Paediatrics and Child Health2010-08-01208S1751-7222(10)X0008-7iihttp://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1751722210000636/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Over the last 30 years there has been an increasing body of literature that has characterized the complex cascade of events that leads to neuronal and glial cell injury following perinatal hypoxia–ischaemia. Understanding the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is important as this helps in delivering optimal targeted neuroprotective therapies. In this article we summarize the pathophysiological pathways that lead to the characteristic pattern of injury following a perinatal event in the term newborn infant.Pathophysiology of perinatal hypoxia–ischaemiaAnitha James, Shobha Cherian10.1016/j.paed.2010.03.002Paediatrics and Child Health 20, 8 (2010)2010-08-01Paediatrics and Child Health2010-08-01208S1751-7222(10)X0008-7Symposium: Neonatology351355http://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1751722210000648/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is directly associated with the development of cerebral palsy and cognitive disabilities later in life, therefore remaining an important problem in perinatal medicine. Postnatal neuroprotective strategies have been investigated elaborately, but up to now, only moderate hypothermia proved to be beneficial in reducing post hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in a selected group of asphyxiated neonates. Since the vast amount of toxic free radicals is produced in the reperfusion and reoxygenation period upon and immediately (30–60 min) after birth, we postulate that antenatal (i.e. maternal) pharmacologic neuroprotection of the foetus, combined with postnatal hypothermia, might be a more optimal approach to prevent this free radical induced brain damage. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying early reperfusion–reoxygenation damage and focuses on the most promising pharmacologic agents (phenobarbital, vitamin C and E, allopurinol, melatonin and xenon) to be given antenatally to the mother to neuroprotect the hypoxic foetus.Foetal hypoxia is an important determinant of birth asphyxia and subsequent adverse outcome: antenatal neuroprotection at termJoepe J. Kaandorp, Manon J.N.L. Benders, Jan B. Derks, Frank van Bel10.1016/j.paed.2010.03.003Paediatrics and Child Health 20, 8 (2010)2010-08-01Paediatrics and Child Health2010-08-01208S1751-7222(10)X0008-7Symposium: Neonatology356361http://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1751722210000661/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Periventricular haemorrhage is an important cause of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in prematurely born infants. This review looks at the current practices in place for prevention of PVH and subsequent brain protection. Antenatal corticosteroids undoubtedly reduce the incidence of PVH and indomethacin given postnatally reduces the incidence of this complication but does not appear to improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcome. There is emerging evidence that inhaled nitric oxide may be effective as a neuroprotective agent.Prevention of periventricular haemorrhageLiz McKechnie, Malcolm Levene10.1016/j.paed.2010.03.005Paediatrics and Child Health 20, 8 (2010)2010-08-01Paediatrics and Child Health2010-08-01208S1751-7222(10)X0008-7Symposium: Neonatology362366http://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1751722210000971/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Imaging of the neonate is an important part of paediatric radiology. Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice supplemented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and on rare occasions, or where MR is not available, computer tomography (CT). Imaging plays an important part in neonatal care both in the general hospital and specialist units. It is essential that the interpreting radiologist has all the relevant clinical information and is experienced in paediatric radiology. Regular multidisciplinary meetings ensure the safety of the neonate during the imaging procedure and maximize the information obtained.This article will summarize normal developmental appearances on ultrasound and MR imaging and provide an overview of the common diseases seen and their imaging features. The practicalities of imaging neonates safely will also be discussed. It is hoped that this will provide the reader with a basic knowledge and stimulate them to read more detailed review articles on specific areas of brain imaging.Imaging of the neonatal brainElspeth Whitby, Ashok Raghavan10.1016/j.paed.2010.05.001Paediatrics and Child Health 20, 8 (2010)2010-08-01Paediatrics and Child Health2010-08-01208S1751-7222(10)X0008-7Symposium: Neonatology367373http://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1751722210001381/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: The neonatal brain is very vulnerable to injury due to its relatively large size, rapid rate of development and immature immunological systems. Injury at this time often results in lifelong neuro-developmental sequelae such as cerebral palsy, learning difficulties and sensory deficits. In the term brain injury is most commonly due to hypoxia–ischaemia during labour, but hyperbilirubinaemia, trauma, thrombosis and infections remain important causes.In the preterm infant, because of immaturity, the pattern of injury is different with forms of white matter damage predominating. Germinal matrix haemorrhage, parenchymal infarction and forms of periventricular leucomalacia predominate. Preterm white matter damage often leads to altered or reduced development of cortical grey matter subsequently. All forms of cerebral palsy are seen in preterm children, but spastic cerebral diplegia is the commonest. Minor motor impairments in childhood are also very common as are behavioural disorders.Exact prognoses for infants with neonatal brain lesions are difficult to make owing to the fact that more than one lesion may co-exist in the same infant.The sequelae of neonatal brain injuryRichard W.I. Cooke, Laurence J. Abernethy10.1016/j.paed.2010.07.004Paediatrics and Child Health 20, 8 (2010)2010-08-01Paediatrics and Child Health2010-08-01208S1751-7222(10)X0008-7Symposium: Neonatology374381http://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1751722210000466/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Mental health liaison with paediatrics is vital but often misunderstood. Anxiety about the stigma of a referral to mental health cannot be entirely eradicated. The best antidote to this inevitable tension is to have mental health staff working in the same premises as paediatrics, so that colleagues can get to know and learn from each other. When this is achieved there is a far greater opportunity for enriching the care that children and their families receive in hospitals and clinics, and for promoting liaison more widely. Paediatric liaison is not only for mental health problems.Liaison and co-operation between paediatrics and mental healthSebastian Kraemer10.1016/j.paed.2010.02.012Paediatrics and Child Health 20, 8 (2010)2010-08-01Paediatrics and Child Health2010-08-01208S1751-7222(10)X0008-7Occasional Review382387http://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS175172221000065X/abstract?rss=yesIf “diversity” is entered into a standard word processing thesaurus the synonyms provided are as follows: variety; assortment; multiplicity; range; miscellany; mixture. In its essentials that is all it is – difference. What are the implications of difference and diversity to paediatricians?Why diversity is important in health and health careNarad Mathura, Elspeth Webb10.1016/j.paed.2010.03.004Paediatrics and Child Health 20, 8 (2010)2010-08-01Paediatrics and Child Health2010-08-01208S1751-7222(10)X0008-7Personal Practice388392http://www.paediatricsandchildhealthjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS1751722210001368/abstract?rss=yesSelf-assessmentGillian Body10.1016/j.paed.2010.07.002Paediatrics and Child Health 20, 8 (2010)2010-08-01Paediatrics and Child Health2010-08-01208S1751-7222(10)X0008-7Self-Assessment393396