Surgery RSS feed: Current Issue. Surgery is an authoritative, comprehensive collection of educational reviews that present the current knowledge and practice of surgery Surgery also indicates recent advances that improve the understanding of disease and the safe and effective treatment of patients It comprises concise and systematically updated contributions that are produced over a three-year cycle. Surgery is an excellent didactic tool to help consultant surgeons train their junior staff to become safe and competent surgeons. http://www.surgeryjournal.co.uk/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Surgery0263-9319302February 2012 © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.surgeryjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS0263931912000038/abstract?rss=yesContents10.1016/S0263-9319(12)00003-8Surgery 30, 2 (2012)2012-02-01Surgery2012-02-01302S0263-9319(12)X0002-4OFCOFChttp://www.surgeryjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS0263931912000051/abstract?rss=yesEditorial Board10.1016/S0263-9319(12)00005-1Surgery 30, 2 (2012)2012-02-01Surgery2012-02-01302S0263-9319(12)X0002-4iihttp://www.surgeryjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS0263931911002705/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Bone is a complex tissue, which has a number of mechanical and physiological functions. The maintenance and repair of bone is ensured by a constant cycle of turnover and remodelling. The control of this process is equally complex and is regulated by both mechanical and biological controls.This article outlines the normal physiology and regulation of bone and provides a basis for the understanding of both the pathogenesis and management of common disorders of bone and bone metabolism as well as an appreciation of specific pathways of pharmacological intervention.Normal bone physiology, remodelling and its hormonal regulationLee Bayliss, David J. Mahoney, Paul Monk10.1016/j.mpsur.2011.12.009Surgery 30, 2 (2012)2012-02-01Surgery2012-02-01302S0263-9319(12)X0002-4Basic science4753http://www.surgeryjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS0263931911002444/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: This article describes the mechanisms of fracture healing (direct and indirect), general fracture management, the influence of the surgeon on the biology and biomechanical environment of bone healing, the management of articular fractures, and disorders of bone union.Principles of bone and joint injuries and their healingRichard W. Westerman, Brigitte E. Scammell10.1016/j.mpsur.2011.11.002Surgery 30, 2 (2012)2012-02-01Surgery2012-02-01302S0263-9319(12)X0002-4Orthopaedics I5460http://www.surgeryjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS026393191100247X/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Bone remodelling is critical to bone health. Alterations in the normal processes and regulation impact on bone mass and bone strength. Changes may be generalized or focal and underlie many of the common disorders of bone metabolism. This article focusses on the changes in bone remodelling which underlie both the development and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteomalacia, as an example of a mineralization disorder and Paget’s disease as an example of a focal disorder of bone remodelling, are also briefly reviewed.Disorders of bone metabolismNicola Peel10.1016/j.mpsur.2011.11.005Surgery 30, 2 (2012)2012-02-01Surgery2012-02-01302S0263-9319(12)X0002-4Orthopaedics I6166http://www.surgeryjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS0263931911002481/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: This article aims to provide surgeons with a practical, clinical overview of different forms of ‘arthritis’ – a term encompassing most of the joint pathology causing joint symptoms or dysfunction. Conventionally, arthritis can be non-inflammatory (osteoarthritis) or inflammatory (crystal and autoimmune arthropathies). Septic arthritis is an important differential diagnosis when patients present with tender, swollen joints, but is not covered here. Common symptoms and signs in patients with different types of arthritis are reviewed, as well as aetiology and pathogenesis. Non-surgical treatment is described, with particular reference to the inflammatory arthropathies since the new, effective biologic treatments are particularly important where surgery is planned or patients present with suspected sepsis. Diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis (particularly in children) may be delayed and in an era of effective treatment it is important that all clinicians involved in musculoskeletal medicine and surgery are aware of potential differential diagnoses for joint pain and deformity. Good communication between rheumatologists and surgeons in managing different forms of arthritis is especially important.Osteoarthritis and the inflammatory arthritidesLisa Dunkley, Rachel Tattersall10.1016/j.mpsur.2011.11.006Surgery 30, 2 (2012)2012-02-01Surgery2012-02-01302S0263-9319(12)X0002-4Orthopaedics I6771http://www.surgeryjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS0263931911002493/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Primary bone tumours are rare, with approximately 400 new cases per year in the UK. The diagnosis of bone tumours are hampered by delays in presentation. Radiographic changes are often characteristic for each type of bone tumour and should alert the physician to investigate further. Investigations should include blood tests, local staging and systemic staging. MRI, CT of the chest and isotope bone scans are important in evaluating the tumour. The most common types of bone tumour are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma of bone and chordoma. The important pathological features and treatment of each type of tumour are described in this article. Early contact to a supra-regional bone tumour unit is mandatory when a bone tumour is suspected, where a multidisciplinary team approach is employed for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Biopsy and surgical treatment should only be undertaken in such a unit and all patients should be enrolled in international clinical trials, where feasible, to gather data that will ultimately improve outcomes. The survival rates from most bone tumours are of the order of 60–80% with appropriate treatment.Primary malignant tumours of the boneVaiyapuri P. Sumathi, Lee Jeys, Anna Darbyshire10.1016/j.mpsur.2011.11.007Surgery 30, 2 (2012)2012-02-01Surgery2012-02-01302S0263-9319(12)X0002-4Orthopaedics I7279http://www.surgeryjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS0263931911002456/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Metastatic tumours of the bone are tumours that spread to bone from another primary site in the body. Histologically they often resemble the cells of the tumour they originated from. Traditionally the presence of a metastatic bone deposit has been seen as a terminal event; however, with the increased survival of patients with carcinoma and improved treatment, long-term survival is possible with metastatic bone disease and treatment can prolong life, or even be curative. Implants used in reconstruction need to be sufficiently robust to survive the patient, and the expertise of reconstruction available within tertiary bone tumour units is increasingly required. Autopsy studies have shown that 70% of patients with breast and prostate carcinoma develop skeletal metastases. The most commonly involved bone sites are those with persistent red marrow, such as the vertebrae, proximal femur, ribs, sternum, pelvis and skull. The precise mechanism of metastases to bone is unclear. However, the understanding of the molecular biology of metastases is becoming increasingly important in providing new therapeutic targets in their treatment. The types of treatment of metastases include medical treatments, radiotherapy and surgery. Bone metastases can cause many complications and have significant morbidity.Metastatic tumours of boneVaiyapuri P. Sumathi, Lee Jeys, Nienke Legdeur10.1016/j.mpsur.2011.11.003Surgery 30, 2 (2012)2012-02-01Surgery2012-02-01302S0263-9319(12)X0002-4Orthopaedics I8085http://www.surgeryjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS0263931911002468/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: This paper outlines the basic knowledge that should form an integral component of a training programme in basic biomechanics and biomaterials for orthopaedic residents. For a comprehensive learning package the reader is directed to the substantive textbooks listed in the suggested reading section.Basic biomechanics and biomaterialsA.W. Miles, S. Gheduzzi10.1016/j.mpsur.2011.11.004Surgery 30, 2 (2012)2012-02-01Surgery2012-02-01302S0263-9319(12)X0002-4Orthopaedics I8691http://www.surgeryjournal.co.uk/article/PIIS0263931911002614/abstract?rss=yesFor questions 1–4, select the statements which are true and which are false. The correct answers are given below. When considering basic biomechanics and biomaterialsTest yourself: MCQ and Extended MatchingMichael G. Wyatt10.1016/j.mpsur.2011.12.001Surgery 30, 2 (2012)2012-02-01Surgery2012-02-01302S0263-9319(12)X0002-4Test yourself9293